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S. T. BACON. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GARBONIG ACID GAS.

No. 61,596. Patented Jan. 29,- 1867.

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IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIG ACID GAS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, STEUBEN- T. BACON, of Boston, in the county of Sufi'olk, and Staten? Massachusetts, have ihvented anew and improved arrangement of Apparatus for Generating Carbonic Aci d Gas for bread-rnaking; and I dohereby declare that the following, when taken .in connection with the drawings, which accompany and form part of this specification ,'is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

In the manufacture of aerated bread according to the system known as Dr. Danglishs, and for which British Letters Patent were granted, dated October 1, 1856, and numbered 2,293, it has been generally the practice to employ carbonic acid-gas obtained from the action of sulphuric acid upon chalk or ma'rble,.and leaving a waste residuum of little or no'value. I

This invcn tion relates to the arrangement of. apparatus: herein described, for the production of carbonic I acid gas for the mantifacture of aerated bread,,said gas being made from material of which the residuum, after the rgas is evolved therefrom can be utilized for wine, beer,orrvinegarsmaking, or for spirit-distilling, according to circumstances, the value of such secondary products paying for the cost of the material and the labor involved, thus giving 'the carbonic acid gas at little or no cost, and-of a quality for bread-making much superior to that evolved by the employment of. sulphuric acid. I

i The material from which, in the-apparatus to be described, the carbonic acid gas is to be evolved,-may be varied according to circumstances, generally governed by locality; Thus, in some cases, -grapes or other fruits prepared for wine-making, may be used; in others, certain roots,su'ch as beets and potatoes; also certain grains or malt; also=molasses or the residuum obtained in the manufacture'and refinin'g of sugar; also waste material not ittedfor food and obtained in the preparation of fl'our fromgrain, such as bran or shorts, the sweepings of mills, or refuse from bakeries, all duly prepared by mashing with warm water or otherwise suited for und'ergoing fermentation according to establishedhsage.

The apparatus in the arrangementnof which my invcntion"consists is shown in one perspective. View, parts thereof being represented as broken away to illustrate interior construction. Y

I A is a fermenting ton of any convenient size, but: preferably made small and cylindrical or frusto-conicial, the better to enable it ,to withstand the internal pressure of the generated gas. Contrary. to the usual practice the tun A is fitted with a head, 13, so that the tunis air-tight instead of being open ati thertop. In this head are fitted twqpipes, D and E.- The pipe 1) is for. conveyance of the mash, grape or 'cther'fruit juice, or other liquid which is to undergo fermentation, from the;vat-Finto the tun A, the communication between the vat 13 and the tun A being controlled by a stop-beck, G1 Where the matterto be fermented is of such form that it cannot be conveniently passed through the pipe 1) and the stop-cock G it can be introduced into the tun A through anopcningwhichis pr'oridedw'ith a cover, as seen at V. The pipelEis fitted atH with a three-way cock, and is for the passage of the carbonic acid gas, pr need by .fcrmcntatiomintd the purifier I, which is a close vessel, kcpthhout three-fourths full of water, into and beneatlr which the pipe E dips by bending, as shown, and di stributcs and dis chargcs the gas'th'rough a scricsnof 'smallholes. Tho-gas, then 'rising throngh the water, is-washed n ml purified thereby, and accumulates in the'top of tlic vessel I, from whence it may be conducted 05 into'uny suitable receirer. In. the bottom of the tun Ads-fitted a valrc, the handle of which is seen at N, said salvo being for the dischm-geof'thc spent wash or material after it has undergone fermentation, whichmaterial may bc conveyel away for further treatment according as the some'is intended for wine, becr, vin'eganor spiritmoking. Within'the tun isfittod an attempcraton whiohmay consist of a coil of metal pipe, 0. The upper end of this coil is brought out through the side of the' tun at P, and the-lower end at Q, and then these ends are connected by alvertlcal' pipe, which is surro undgddthy the cylinder or jacket R. The coil C is kept filled with water by means'of thcjstand pipes, and the w'aterin the coil may be warmed and caused 'to circulate byintroducin'g steam through the cock T into the jacket R, Thetemperatur'e of the water. in the coil'maybc regulated tipon observation of the thermometer, shown at H. In warmclimates or in warm weather, when the temperature of the fermenting material may require to be reduced, cold water may be made to circulate through the P coil, instead of warm, by making the necessary pipe connections for the purpose. l The operctionof this apparatus, as arranged, is as follows:

a1 a 2 r The juice or other liquid, or semi-liquid material about to be submitteti to fermentation having been prepared in the vat F, itis admitted into thetun A through the pipe and"coek G. The three-way cock His to base turned as'to communicate with the outer air through the pipe at, to allow of the escape of gas or air dislaced by the entering material. When the proper quantity of liquid has been run into the tun the cock G is closed; ant! the communicatioawith the air through :c is allowed to remain open u ntilrafter fermentation has commenced and carbonic acid gas is being producefl'j'which, as it rises from the surface of the liquid, will displace the air which occupies the upper part of the tun When the operator. perceives the carbonic acid gas coming through pipe x he will .turh the cock'H so as to shut the communication with the outer air and open it 7 contents of the tun are exhausted-of carbonic acid gas, this passing of through the purifier to a gas-holder. .A stirrer within the tun may be worked by means'of the handle seen at z, to facilitate the escape of the gas from the contents of the tan and the generation-of the gas is accelerated or retarded by the use of the attemperator.

Claim. I claim the arrangement herein oeseribeu of.the apparatus for facilitating the generation of carbonic acid gas from saccharine or farinaceous matter.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my'hand this third day of November, A. D. 1865.

S. T. BACON. V Witnesses:

F. ,Goutn, J. B. Comm. 

